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Established 1995 |
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| pond Volume | ||||||||||||
| Water measurements 1 gallon = 3.79 litres 1,000 US gallons = 832.6 Imperial Gallons = 3,785.4 Metric Litres 1 litre = 0.26 gallons 1,000 litres = 264 US gallons = 1 metric ton 1 Imperial gallon = 4.55 litres 1 ton pond = 220 Imperial gallons |
calculate Pond Volume 1 foot x 1 foot x 1 foot = 1 cubic foot 1 cubic foot = 7.48 US gallons ie. Pond 8 x 12 x 3 feet deep = 8x12x3 = 288 cubic feet 288 x 7.49 = 2,157 US gallons *We often see people over estimating their ponds dimension, in particular the depth. Measure accurately with a tape measure |
Weight of Water 1 US gallon = 8.35 lbs. 1 Cubic foot = 7.48 USG = 62.43 lbs. 1 Cubic Foot - 6.24 Imperial Gallons Convert USG to IG = multiply by 1.2 IG to USG = multiply by 0.83 *when you hear the term "1 ton pond" this is 220 Imperial Gallons or 264 USG |
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| Metric and Standard Conversions | ||||||||||||
| Standard Volume Conversion 1 tablespoon = 14.8 millilitres or ml 1 ounce = 28.3 grams 3 teaspoons is 1 tablespoon 1 tablespoon = 0.5 ounces 8 ounces = 1 cup 16 ounces = 1 pint 32 ounces = 2 pints = 1 quart 128 ounces = 4 quarts = 1 gallon |
Metric Volume conversion 5 ml = 1 Teaspoon 14.8 ml = 1 Tablespoon or 3 Teaspoons 118.4 ml = 1/2 cup = 8 tablespoons 236.8 ml = 1 cup *Take the time to measure and note the volume of pond treatment bottle caps for easier dosing |
Metric Reference 1 meter is the datum for all Distance related metric conversion 1 inch = 2.54 centimetres 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1 metre = 39.37 inches 1 milli = 1/1,000 of 1 metre 1 micro metre = 1 um = 1/1,000,000 of 1 metre *Protozoa like costia are 10-20 um |
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| Pond Plumbing | ||||||||||||
| Piping Flow Rates A gravity fed water flow rate is a function of the diametre of the pipe and the distance below the water surface (distance = pressure = velocity) Pressure is Key 27 inches below the water surface equates to 1 p.s.i. of pressure. This is good depth below pond level to run your pipe work (ie bottom drain feed) to ensure adequate flow rate into the filter Gravity Fed System Set-up If you undersize your plumbing and/or place your feed lines to close to the ponds surface, the flow to the filter will be poor and will not keep up with the output. The differential head loss will be too great (see right panel) Pipe Diameter Selection Two 2 inch lines will feed less water than one 3 inch diametre line (with same layout) 2 inch line = radius squared x pie = 1x1 x 3.14 x 2 lines = 6.24 inches of area 1 x 3 inch line = 1.5 x 1.5 x 3.14 = 7.065 inches of area
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Types of Head Losses Static Head - The height the water is pump vertically from the pump out to the discharge point *this is the most important head loss to examine for most setups. Other head losses are converted to static head and this is the reference given on the pump box Dynamic Head - Flow losses due to the water turning through elbows *minimize hard turns, flex hose is best Friction Head - flow losses due to water resistance from both the diametre of the pipe and its sidewalls - the faster the water travels, the greater the friction head loss *match the pipe diametre with the pump Differential Head - Evident in filter systems, the water level in the filter will be lower than the pond water level - Also evident in multi chamber gravity fed systems where the last chamber's water level will be lower the previous chambers and the pond (aka dropdown) *ensure you use the proper diametre pipe for the flow rate required |
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| miscellaneous | ||||||||||||
| Understanding Liner Thickness 1 mil = 1/1,000 of an inch 1/4 inch = 250 mils *Good liners are 45 mils thick or 45/1,000 of an inch |
Bulkhead Holesaw Sizes
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Tools *Hand held hex drivers are great for underwater use and tight quarters |
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| Salinity 1 lb. of Salt in 1 gallon of water raises the salinity 0.1% *It is best to invest in a salinity meter as salt does not evaporate. It is very easy to lose track of a ponds salinity - you need to properly measure it |
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